Propagating by Dividing Pups (Suckers)
Dividing pups (also called suckers) is the most common and reliable way to propagate banana plants. A pup is a new shoot that grows from the rhizome of an established plant. Each pup has its own developing root system and, once separated, will grow into an independent plant genetically identical to the parent.
When to Divide
The best pups for division are "sword suckers" — those with narrow, pointed leaves and a thick base, at least 2 to 3 feet tall with a corm diameter of at least 3 to 4 inches. Avoid "water suckers" with broad, thin leaves and a narrow base, as they produce weaker plants. See Pruning and Removing Pups for identifying sucker types.
Divide in spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing. Avoid dividing in fall or winter when growth is slow and the plant is preparing for or entering dormancy.
How to Divide
- Choose a sword sucker at least 2-3 feet tall
- Use a sharp, narrow spade or a machete to cut between the pup and the mother plant's rhizome. Cut straight down, severing the connecting tissue.
- Carefully lever the pup out of the ground, keeping as much root as possible attached
- Let the cut surface dry for a day or two in shade to form a callus, which helps prevent root rot
- Plant the pup in prepared soil (see Soil and pH) at the same depth it was growing
- Water thoroughly after planting and keep consistently moist for the first few weeks
- Apply mulch around the base
Care After Division
Newly divided pups may wilt and lose leaves initially — this is normal transplant shock. Keep the soil moist (not waterlogged), provide some shade for the first week if weather is hot, and begin fertilizing lightly after 2-3 weeks once new growth appears.